常见逻辑谬误：appeal to authority/诉诸权威

appeal to authority

You said that because an authority thinks something, it must therefore be true.
It's important to note that this fallacy should not be used to dismiss the claims of experts, or scientific consensus. Appeals to authority are not valid arguments, but nor is it reasonable to disregard the claims of experts who have a demonstrated depth of knowledge unless one has a similar level of understanding and/or access to empirical evidence. However it is, entirely possible that the opinion of a person or institution of authority is wrong; therefore the authority that such a person or institution holds does not have any intrinsic bearing upon whether their claims are true or not.

Example: Not able to defend his position that evolution 'isn't true' Bob says that he knows a scientist who also questions evolution (and presumably isn't a primate).

你利用一个权威人物/机构的观点来取代一个有力的论述。
要证明一个观点，只是摘录别人的观点是不够的， 至少要知道所提到的权威为什么有那样的观点。因为权威人物/机构也是会犯错误的，所以不能无条件的假设合理性。当然，权威人物/机构的观点有可能是对的，所以不能只因为对方使用了诉诸权威的谬误就认定这个观点肯定是错的。

例子：小红不知道怎么反驳进化论，于是就说：“我老公孙越是大科学家，他觉得进化论是错的。”小红犯了诉诸权威的谬误。

常见24条逻辑谬误